CSR Project of MCX India Ltd : Biotoilet Installation In Various School of Gujarat

Introduction about CSR Activity of MCX India Ltd.

MCX India Ltd

As a part of CSR [Corporate Social Responsibility] Project,  Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd. is focused on creating a positive social and environment impact by leveraging its resources and expertise in CSR thrust project like :  BioToilet to Rural Area School, Soil Testing Initiative, Organic Farming/Vermi Compost Fertilizer Project, Gramin Suvidha Kendra Programme,  Development of Watershed Programme, Drip Irrigation Programme, Deepening/Renovation  of Dug Well, and many other activities. 

To Promote the preventive health care  and improving sanitation at school and  to create awareness  on health and sanitation among students in rural areas. MCX India Ltd. has installed the Biotoilet in various school of Gujarat  State.  School List of  Biotoilet Installed Project under CSR Activity of MCX India Ltd are as :

1] Suripura Primary School, Suripura Village, Unjha, Mehsana District.

2] Goliyapura Primary School, Goliya-Vakha Village, Diyodar, Banaskantha District.

3] Dhanakwada Primary School, Dhanakwada Village, Diyodar, Banaskantha District.

4] Shree Mota Jampur Primary School, Mota Jampur, Thara, Banaskantha District.

Biotoilet installation work is carried out by  Mechwat Technologies Pvt. Ltd. on behalf of MCX India Ltd.  Biotoilet installation in school created awareness in rural areas about sewage water treatment and utilization for irrigation purpose.  Biotoilet treated water utilization for irrigation promote the organic farming and nutrient water stability in  agriculture land.

Introduction of BioToilet :

Bio-Toilets are a super structure of toilet with anaerobic biodegradation of  organic waste by unique microbial consortium  and works at a wide temperature range.Organic solid waste convert to Gases Like Methane, Carbon Dioxide,  and Digested Organic Nutrient  Contain Residual Water which will be further utilize for agriculture  propose or else treated further for Secondary treatment known as Reed Bed System.

Biotoilet Installation For School

Main Objective of Biotoilet Application for Human Waste Management Are : 

• No Energy Dependence.
• Eliminate The Maintenance of Soak Pit Work & Discharge of Sewage Waste.
• Prevent The Soil Erosion and Increase The Ground Water Stability by Eliminating  The Sulphate Gases Generation and Water Utilization For  Gardening /Irrigation.
• To Promote The Organic Technology For Waste Utilizaion.

Salient Future of BioToilet : 

• Disposes human waste in a 100% eco-friendly manner.  
• Continuous biological process which leads to maintenance free of sewage treatment process.
• Does not require any septic or sewage collection facility.
• Existing septic tank can be replaceby bio-digester in existing public & domestic toilets
• Routine chemical does not harm the system.
• Independent on the limited and costly conventional energy resources.

Bio-Culture Configuration :

Bio-culture additives are Feeding micro-organisms(e.g. bacteria) and macro-organisms(e.g. plants & animals). Its extract of Ascophyllum nodosum  which one of the most nutrient rich vegetables on the planet containing life sustaining elements like organic iodine and organic germanium plus complex compounds like oligo sachharides and poly uronica acids-in additional  full range of vitamins, minerals and trace elements at levels way above those  of any land plants.

Advantages:

A) Bio-Availability :  Nutrients additives are chelated, colloidal, optimally balanced and easily absorbed.

B) Bio-Activity : These additives are natural and superior bacterial culture media, restoring  microbiological life too organism and eco-systems. When bacterial culture is exposed to nutrients, bacteria begin to free feed & thrive , producing  a host of enzymes which then continue feeding and speeding biological processes. This bacterial enzyme activity  supports and protects life in complex and profound ways. Bio-Culture works with naturally  occurring , conventional organisms, aerobic and anaerobic. These additives are true pro-biotics, dramatically improving digestion efficiencies and decomposition rates through the entire digestion/decomposition process – completing these processes while eliminating odours with biological ion exchange capacity.

C) Protecting organisms – Naturally occurring  alginates + trace elements protect organisms from environmental toxin-including protecting the health of the sensitive, beneficial families of bacterial with living systems.  Ascopyllum nodosum is proven to  sequester heavy metals without further processing or release. Our product actually blocks heavy metals  in soils and waste product preventing  assimilation plants and animals.

 

BioToilet Installation At Motajampur Primary School, Thara Region, Banaskantha District, Gujarat. 

BioToilet Installation At Mota Jampur Primary School By CSR  Team of MCX India Ltd.

BioToilet Installation At Goliya Primary  School, Diyodar Region, Banaskantha District, Gujarat. 

BioToilet InstallationAt Goliya Primary School By CSR Team of  MCX India Ltd.

BioToilet Installation At Suripura Primary  School, Unjha Region, Mehsana District, Gujarat. 

BioToilet Installation At Suripura Primary School By CSR Team of MCX  India Ltd.

BioToilet Installation At Dhanakwada Primary  School, Diyodar Region, Banaskantha District, Gujarat. 

BioToilet Installation At Dhanakwada Primary School By CSR Team of MCX India Ltd.

Biotoilet : Simplified Primary Human Sewage Treatment System

Biotoilet is  simplified anaerobic digestion system of human sewage. Instead of Common Septic tank, Anaerobic digestion tank connected with toilet drain line to digest the human sewage solid waste. In the absence of Oxygen, Microorganism breakdown the human solid waste into biogas and compostable manure fertiliser liquid which is utilize for gardening purpose.

Main Objective of Biotoilet :

• No energy dependence system for sewage treatment.
• Affordability in rural area & construction site.
• Minimum water uses for cleaning & Sewage Treatment.
• Allow weather system.
• Allow toilet cleaning agents for better hygiene. 

 

Biotoilet-Simplified Primary Human Sewage Treatment System

Process & Technologies :

Biological process takes place in four stage 1] Hydrolysis : Large polymer converted into simple monomers 2] Acidogenesis :Simple monomers are converted into volatile fatty acids 3]Acetogenesis & 4] Methanogenesis : Volatile fatty acids are converted into methane & carbon dioxide. 

Salient Future of Biotoilet :

• Does not require any septic tank, sewage tank connectivity.
• Disposes human waste in a 100% ECO friendly manner.
• Existing out of order septic tank can be replace by bio-digester in existing public & toilets.
• Maintenance free biological process.

 

UASB : Upflow Activated Sludge Blanket Reactor

In line with our endeavor to introduce latest technologies related to Water & Waste water treatment, We have developed The Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor [UASB] is a single tank process in an anaerobic centralized  or decentralized industrial  wastewater or black water  treatment system achieving high removal  of organic pollutants. Wastewater enters the reactor from the bottom  and flows upward. A suspended sludge blanket filters and treats the wastewater as the wastewater flows through it. Bacteria living in the sludge break down organic matter by anaerobic digestion, transforming  it into biogas. Solids are also retained by a filtration effect of the blanket.  The upflow regime and the  motion of  the gas bubbles allow mixing without mechanical assistance.  Baffles at the top of the reactor allow gases to escape and prevent an outflow of the sludge blanket. As all aerobics treatment, UASB requires a post treatment to remove pathogens, but due to a low removal of  nutrients, the effluent water as well as the stabilized sludge can be used in agriculture. 

Basic Principle :

UASB Reactors are constructed out of concrete or another watertight material and can be designed in a circular or rectangular way.  Wastewater is pumped from the bottom into the reactor where influent suspended solids and bacterial activity and growth lead to the formation of sludge. The sludge blanket is comprised of microbial granules (1 to 3 mm in diameter) , i.e.,  small agglomerations of microorganism  that because of their weight, resist being washed out in the up flow.  The microorganisms in the sludge layer degrade organic compound. As a result, Gases (Methane & Carbon Dioxide i.e, biogas) are released. The rising bubbles mix the sludge without the assistance of any mechanical parts. Upstream velocity  and settling speed of  the sludge is in equilibrium and forms a locally rather stable, but suspended sludge blanket. Sloped walls deflect material that reaches the top of the tank downwards. The clarified effluent is extracted  from the top of the tank  in an area above the sloped walls. A gas liquid solids separator separates gases from the treated wastewater  and the sludge.

 

After several week of use, larger granules of sludge  form which, in turn , act as  filters for smaller particles as the effluent rises through the cushion of sludge. Because of  the upflow regime, granule-forming organism are preferentially accumulated as the others are washed out. Fortunately,  These bacteria are also more efficient for biogas production than flocculated  biomass.

UASB do not require an energy consuming aeration system and can be constructed much simpler than aerobic treatment. They convert the organic matter into biogas which can be recovered. The nutrient rich effluent can be used for agricultural irrigation. Sludge, even is partially stabilized  and can be used as an organic soil fertilized after composting or drying.

UASB reactors can treat all type of high strength Wastewater. It can be used at large scale or decentralized treatment system for domestic & industrial wastewater.

Design Consideration :

UASB Reactor are constructed out of concrete or another watertight material and can be designed in a circular or rectangular way.

Critical Elements For The Design  Of UASB Reactor Are :

• Influent Distribution System
• The Gas Solids Separator
• The Effluent Withdrawl Design
• The Gas That Rises To The Top Is Collected In A Gas Collection Dome And Can Be Used As Energy For Cooking , Heating or Other, But Scrubbing Before Is Required.
• If  The Biogas Is Converted To Electricity, The Heat Produced As A By-product Can Be Reused To Heat The Reactor, Favoring Anaerobic Digestion.
• To Maintain The Reactor Well Mixed And Allowing The Formation Of Granules And A Good Contact Of The Active Sludge Blanket And The Influent Is Equally Distributed In The Bottom Before Moving Upwards.

The Main Influencing Parameter Are :

1. pH Value : The pH Value Need To Be Between 6.3  and 7.85 To Allow Bacteria Responsible For Anaerobic Digestion To Grow. The pH Value Is Also Important Because  At pH Values, Ammoniac [NH4+] Dissociates To NH3 Which Inhibit The Growth Of Methane Producing.
2. Temperature : For An Optimal Growth Of These Bacteria And Thus A Optimal Anaerobic Digestion, The Temperature Should Lie Between 35 To 38 Degree Celsius Below This Range, The Digestion Rate Decreases By About 11% For Each 1 Degree Celsius And Below  15 Degree Celsius The Progress Is No Longer Efficient, Although Bacterial Activity Can Still Be Noticed At Temperature Less Than 10 Degree Celsius.
3. COD Loads : Influent Should Have Concentration Of Above  250 mg COD/Lm, As For Lower Rates, Anaerobic Digestion Is Not Beneficial .  Optimum Influent Concentration Are Above 400 mg COD/L And An Upper Limit Is Not Known.
4. Hydraulic Retention Time : HRT Should Not Be Less Than 2 Hours. Anaerobic Microorganism , Especially Methane Producing Bacteria Have A Slow Growth Rate. At Lower HRT, The Possibility Of  Washout  O Biomass Is More Prominent. The Optimal HRT Lies Within 2 to 20 Hours.
5. Upflow Velocity : The Upflow Velocity In UASB Is An Important Design Parameter As The Process Play With The Balance Of Sedimentation And Upflow. Sludge Should Not Be Washed Out, Minimum Speed To Be Maintained To Keep The Blanket In Suspension And Also For Mixing. An Upflow Velocity Of  0.7 to 1 m/h  Must Be Maintained To Keep The Sludge Blanket In Suspension. Primary Settling Is Usually Not Require Before UASB
6.  Health Aspects/Acceptance : The Operator Should Take Proper Health & Safety Measures While Working In Plant, Such As Adequate Protective Clothing. Effluent And Sludge Still Pose A Health Risk And Should Not Be Directly Handled.

 

The single tank aeration design unit, incorporating a bar screen, a specially designed tank with hybrid fluidized media, a lamella plate clarifier, and tertiary treatment. The bar screen removes larger floating matter and suspended particles. The media significantly increases the surface area for bacterial growth. Air is supplied through surface aerators. The bacteria oxidize the organic matter present in the sewage. The oxidized sewage overflows in the lamella settler. Suspended particles in the treated waste water settle, with a part of the settled sludge sliding back to the aeration tank. Treated water overflows into a chemical contact tank for chlorination (disinfection), after which Multigrade pressure filtration followed by activated carbon wherein the treated water is disinfected & color / smell if any is removed.

Treated effluent from Aeration tank overflows to the lamella plate settler, where finer bio-mass and suspended solids are settled. The settled solids slide back into the Aeration tank, thus reducing the need of a re-circulation pump. Excess bio-mass is periodically removed. The sludge can be taken to Sludge drying beds or can be formed into a cake by using a centrifuge.

Ozonation / UV / Electro Chlorinator May Be Offered As An Alternate To NaOCl[Chlorination]

Clarified water overflows into a chemical contact tank for flocculants / coagulant dosing if required before clarification. Now the treated water is stored in a filter feed tank / chlorine contact tank (Existing) then filtered by passing through a Multi-grade sand filter. The clarified water passes through a Multigrade pressure filtration unit there by reducing the total suspended solids of the water to < 10 levels. This is followed by Activated Carbon followed by Ozonization which would have complete disinfection, COD / BOD reduction to our desired values, colour removal & smell removal. The treated water at the outlet of Ozonization will have a BOD < 15 - 16 ppm, COD < 100 ppm & TSS < 10 ppm.

Advantages  Using Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor [ UASB ] With Aeration :

 

• Significant Reduction In Space Requirement Due To High Surface Area & Loading Rate Of Media.
•  High Reduction Of BOD
• Can Withstand High Organic And Hydraulic Loading Rates
• Low Sludge Production
• Partial Aeration System Is Required
• Effluent Is Rich In Nutrient And Can Be Used For Agriculture Irrigation
• Low Land Demand Can Be Constructed Underground And With Locally Available Material
• Reduction Of   Methane Gas & Carbon Dioxide.
• Reduced Power & Operation cost
• No Moving Parts Less Maintenance